{"commentary":{"id":"keil-delitzsch","name":"Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary","website":"https://worthy.bible/commentaries/keil-delitzsch-commentary","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","licenseNotes":null,"licenseNotice":null,"englishName":"Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary","language":"eng","textDirection":"rtl","sha256":"bb5cc0f9cfe0a93b3c903bb6972c6bc8c4e9f2bd3be6c2a6d276737cf9c5edce","availableFormats":["json"],"listOfBooksApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/books.json","listOfProfilesApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/profiles.json","numberOfBooks":39,"totalNumberOfChapters":909,"totalNumberOfVerses":6516,"totalNumberOfProfiles":0,"languageName":"English","languageEnglishName":"English"},"book":{"id":"1CH","commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","name":"1 Chronicles","commonName":"1 Chronicles","introduction":"INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES \n\nThis and the following book were reckoned by the Jews as one book, as appears by the Masoretic note at the end of the second book, and as is affirmed by Origen (a) and Jerom (b); and they were by the ancients (c) called Chronicles, as they are by us; but they are different from the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel and Judah, so often mentioned in the preceding books, seeing several things there referred to, as in them, are not to be found here; though no doubt many things here recorded were taken from thence under a divine direction. In the Greek version, and so in the Vulgate Latin version after that, they are called \"Paralipomena\", that is, things passed over or omitted, because they contain several anecdotes which are not to be found in the books of Samuel and Kings. The Hebrew title of them is, \"Dibre Hayamim\", words of days, day books or diaries, and what the Greeks call \"Ephemerides\"; though, as \"yamim\" sometimes signifies years, they may be named \"annals\"; and so the Arabic inscription is, \n\n\"the Books of Annals;'' \n\nand because they chiefly respect the kings of Judah, the Syriac inscription is, \n\n\"the Book of the Things that were done in the Times of the Kings of Judah.'' \n\nThe Targum is, \n\n\"the Book of Genealogies, the Words of Days, which were from the Days of the World;'' \n\nbecause the first ten chapters consist of genealogies beginning from Adam. The inspired penman of these books must live after the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity, since he carries down the genealogy of the kings and princes of Judah beyond that time, Ch1 3:17. It is generally thought by the Jews and Christians that Ezra was the writer of them, with which agrees the age in which he lived; and as it may seem, from the last of these books ending with the same words with which that under his name begins: so the Talmudists (d) say, that Ezra wrote his own book, and the genealogy of the chronicles unto his own, or unto Velo, \"and he had brethren\", Ch2 21:2 and Jarchi affirms that he wrote them by the hand or means of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, inspired prophets; though some Jewish writers (e) suppose they were written partly by him, and partly by Nehemiah; that all to Ch2 21:2 were written by Ezra, and the rest by Nehemiah. Kimchi thinks that Ezra was not the first author and writer of these books, but that the books of Chronicles and Annals of the kings of Judah, and of the kings of Israel, were separately written before him; but that he only revised them, and with the men of the great synagogue added the genealogies, and put them into the canon of the Scriptures (f). Spinosa (g) fancies they were written after Judas Maccabaeus had restored the temple, since the historian tells what families dwelt in Jerusalem in the times of Ezra, Ch1 9:1 and speaks of the porters, Ch1 9:17 two of which are mentioned, Neh 11:19 as if Ezra could not describe the families that lived when he did, or name the porters of the temple, since it was finished and dedicated in his time, Ezr 6:15, but however there is no doubt to be made of the authenticity of these books, since not only they have always been acknowledged by the Jews as a part of the canonical Scripture, and by ancient Christians, as appears by the catalogues of Melito (h) and Origen (i); but there are plain references to them in the New Testament. The genealogy of Christ, by the evangelists, is formed out of them; the doxology in Rev 5:12 as some have observed, comes very near to what is used by David, Ch1 29:11 and the passages in Act 7:48 contain the sense of what is expressed in Ch2 2:5. The use and design of these books are chiefly to give a larger account of the kingdom of Judah, especially after the division of it from the ten tribes, and of the kings thereof, than what is given in the preceding books, as in the last of these books; and particularly they ascertain the genealogy of Christ, that it might be clear and plain of what tribe and family the Messiah came, that he descended from the tribe of Judah, and from the kings of the house of David, as in this first book. They both contain an history from Adam, to the deliverance of the Jews from their captivity in Babylon. The first of these books reaches, according to Hottinger (k), to A. M. 2985, and the latter is an history of four hundred and seventy two years. According to Bishop Usher (l) the former contains a course of 2990 years, and the latter of four hundred and seventy eight. \n\n(a) Apud Eusch. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. (b) Ad Dominionem, tom. 3. fol. 7. C. (c) Hieron. Praefat. in lib. Reg. tom. 3. fol. 6. B. (d) T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. (e) Shalssalet Hakabala, Abarbinel in Josuam, fol. 3. 3. (f) Vid. Buxtorf. de Punct. Antiqu. par. 1. p. 182. (g) Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 184. (h) Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 26. (i) Apud ib. l. 6. c. 25. (k) Thesaur. Philolog. l. 2. c. 1. p. 514, 515. (l) Annal. Vet. Test. p. 56. (m) Tiberias, c. 14. \n\n\n\nNext: 1 Chronicles Chapter 1\n\n","order":13,"numberOfChapters":29,"sha256":"091d6ff22eeb688c1196f64ada0314a46196aefc611d7ed38b6236d762bd96b3","firstChapterNumber":1,"firstChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/1.json","firstChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":1},"lastChapterNumber":29,"lastChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/29.json","lastChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":29},"totalNumberOfVerses":411},"chapter":{"number":7,"content":[{"type":"verse","number":1,"content":["Now the sons of Issachar were Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron, four. The same number is given, Gen 46:13 with a small variation of two of their names, there called Phuvah and Job, from whence so many families sprang, mentioned Num 26:23, where the names are the same as here. \n, where the names are the same as here. \n1 Chronicles 7:2\n\nch1 7:2\nch1 7:2\nch1 7:2And the sons of Tola,.... The eldest son of Issachar, whose posterity are only reckoned by name: \n\nUzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house, to wit, of Tola; the principal man of his family: \n\nthey were valiant men of might in their generations, famous for their courage and military exploits, though they sprang from Tola, whose name signifies \"a worm\"; and which name Bochart (k) conjectures was given him by his parents, because he was so weakly that they had no hopes of raising him; and yet from him sprung such mighty men, and from them such a numerous race, as follows: \n\nwhose number was, in the days of David, two and twenty thousand and six hundred; besides those of the posterity of Uzzi, after mentioned. This was at the time Joab took the number of Israel, by the order of David, Ch1 21:5. \n\n(k) Hierozoic. par. 2. l. 4. c. 21. col. 630. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":2,"content":["And the sons of Uzzi; Izrahiah,.... Including his posterity: \n\nand the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five; together with their father, all reckoned the sons of Uzzi: \n\nall of them chief men; in their father's house, heads of families. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":3,"content":["And with them, by their generations, after the house of their fathers, were bands of soldiers for war,.... Companies of men of military courage and skill, who could and did go out to war upon occasion: \n\nsix and thirty thousand men; besides the 22,600 Tolaites, Ch1 7:2, \n\nfor they had many wives and sons; having many wives, they had many sons; polygamy was the cause of their large numbers; and that they gave into for the sake of the multiplication of Abraham's seed, according to the divine promise. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":4,"content":["And their brethren among all the families of Issachar,.... As those of Puah, Jashub, and Shimron, Ch1 7:1. \n\nwere men of might; valiant and courageous: \n\nreckoned in all, by their genealogies, fourscore and seven thousand; that is, including with these those of Tola and Uzzi before given. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":5,"content":["The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three. Benjamin had ten sons, but three only are mentioned first; the latter of these seems to be the same with Ashbel, Gen 46:21. \n. \n1 Chronicles 7:7\n\nch1 7:7\nch1 7:7\nch1 7:7And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five,.... These are thought by some to be the grandsons of Bela, because of the different names in Ch1 8:3, \n\nheads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour; principal men in their tribe and families, and of great courage: \n\nand were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four; who sprung from these men. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":6,"content":["And the sons of Becher,.... Another son of Benjamin, Ch1 7:6, \n\nZemira, and Joash, and Eliezer and Elioenai, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and Alameth; the two last of these, according to Kimchi, gave names to two cities in Benjamin, built by them; Anathoth, the native place of Jeremiah the prophet, and Alameth, the same with Bahurim, Sa2 16:5. \n\nall these are the sons of Becher; before named. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":7,"content":["And the number of them,.... Of the posterity of the sons of Becher: \n\nafter their genealogy by their generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour; as they increased in succeeding ages, and at the time of David: \n\nwas twenty thousand and two hundred. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":8,"content":["The sons also of Jediael,.... The third son of Benjamin before mentioned, Ch1 7:6. Bilhan, including his posterity, as follows: \n\nand the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, and Benjamin; called so after his great grandfather: \n\nand Ehud; who was the second judge in Israel, Jdg 3:15. \n\nand Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar; of whom we nowhere else read. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":9,"content":["All these the sons of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle. Which, with the above sums put together, make of the tribe of Benjamin, besides what follow, 59,430; who, if numbered by Joab, the account was not given in by him, Ch1 21:6. \n. \n1 Chronicles 7:12\n\nch1 7:12\nch1 7:12\nch1 7:12Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir,.... The same with Iri, Ch1 7:7 so that these were not sons of Benjamin, as they seem to be, if they are the same with Muppim and Huppim in Gen 46:21 but his great-grandchildren, and are the same with Shupham and Hupham, from whom families of the tribe of Benjamin sprung, Num 26:39 the Targum calls them the inhabitants of a city, but of what is not said, unless Geba should be meant, Ch1 8:6 and \n\nHushim, the sons of Aher: either the same with Aharah, the third son of Benjamin, Ch1 8:1 or Ahiram, Num 26:38, though some read the words, \"the sons of another\"; whom they suppose to be Dan, who otherwise is omitted; and Hushim is the only son of Dan, Gen 46:23, where the same plural word is used as here; who, they think, is called another, by way of detestation, that tribe being guilty of gross idolatry; but he rather seems to belong to Benjamin. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":10,"content":["The sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum,.... Called Shillem, Gen 46:24, \n\nthe sons of Bilhah; Jacob's concubine; her grandsons; for Naphtali, the father of them, was her son; from these sprung so many families, after their names, Num 26:48. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":11,"content":["The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare,.... The wife of Manasseh, as distinguished from his concubine in the next clause; though the Targum reads, in connection with that,\"whom his Aramitess (or Syrian) concubine bare;'' \n\nand then adds: \n\nwho also bare Machir the father of Gilead; so that Ashriel and Machir were brethren; from which Ashriel sprung the family of the Ashrielites, Num 26:29 as from Machir the Machirites, Num 26:29. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":12,"content":["And Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was Maachah,.... He married into the tribe of Benjamin, a sister of the persons mentioned, Ch1 7:12 whose name was Maachah: \n\nand the name of the second was Zelophehad; the second son of Manasseh, or of his posterity mentioned; for he was not his immediate son; for he was the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, Num 27:1. \n\nand Zelophehad had daughters; but no sons, the names of his daughters are given, Num 26:33. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":13,"content":["And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his name Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh,.... He had both these sons by her: \n\nand his sons were Ulam and Rakem, that is, either the sons of Peresh or Sheresh, the nearest, as Kimchi observes. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":14,"content":["And the sons of Ulam: Bedan,.... See Sa1 12:11. \n\nthese were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh; that is, were of his posterity, or belonged to his family; for Ulam and Rakem were sons of a brother of Gilead, Ch1 7:16. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":15,"content":["And his sister Hammoleketh,.... The sister of Gilead so named; though the Targum renders it \"that reigned\"; and so Kimchi, that reigned in some part of Gilead; and the Vulgate Latin version translates it, \"a queen bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah\"; Abiezer is the same with Jeezer, from whom a family sprung of that name, Num 26:30, of which Gideon was, Jdg 6:11. \n. \n1 Chronicles 7:19\n\nch1 7:19\nch1 7:19\nch1 7:19And the sons of Shemida,.... Another son of Gilead's sister, unless the same with Ishod; from him sprung the family of the Shemidaites, Num 26:30. \n\nwere, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam; from Shechem came the family of the Shethemites, as from Likhi, if he is the same with Helek, as probably he may be, was the family of the Helekites, Num 26:30. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":16,"content":["And the sons of Ephraim,.... A son of Joseph, and father of a tribe of this name, whose genealogy through five generations follows: Shuthelah, Bered, Tahath, Eladah, Tahath; the second. \nAnd the sons of Ephraim,.... A son of Joseph, and father of a tribe of this name, whose genealogy through five generations follows: Shuthelah, Bered, Tahath, Eladah, Tahath; the second. \n1 Chronicles 7:21\n\nch1 7:21\nch1 7:21\nch1 7:21And Zabad his son,.... Not the son of Tahath the second last mentioned, but the son of Ephraim, a second son of his: \n\nand Shuthelah; his son, the son of Zabad, called after his uncle's name, Ch1 7:20. \n\nand Ezer, and Elead; two other sons of Zabad: \n\nwhom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew: that is, Zabad and his three sons; these the men of Gath slew, who were Philistines that dwelt there, and were originally of Egypt, and were born in that land, but had removed into Palestine, which had its name from them, of which Gath was one of its cities; and this bordering upon the land of Goshen, or being near it, where the Israelites dwelt, they made inroads upon them, and plundered them: \n\nbecause they came down to take away their cattle; and the sons, the grandsons of Ephraim, resisted them, and so were slain: and that the aggressors were not the Ephraimites, who went out of Egypt before their time, and fell upon the men of Gath, born in the land of the Philistines, in order to dispossess them of their land and substance, and were slain by them, which is the sense of the Targum and other writers, both Jewish and Christian; but the men of Gath, as is clear from this circumstance, that they \n\ncame down, as men did when they went from Palestine to Egypt, not when they went from Egypt to Palestine, then they \"went up\"; which would have been the phrase used, if this had been an expedition of the Ephraimites into Palestine; besides, it is not reasonable to think, that the Ephraimites, addicted to husbandry and cattle, and not used to war, should engage in such an enterprise; but rather the men of Gath, or the Philistines, who were a warlike people, and given to spoil and plunder; this, according to a learned chronologer (l), was seventy four years after Jacob went down to Egypt, and one hundred and forty years before the children of Israel came from thence. \n\n(l) Nic. Abrami Pharus, l. 9. c. 21. p. 242. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":17,"content":["And Ephraim their father mourned many days,.... For the loss of his son and grandchildren for the above fact was done while the Israelites were in Egypt, and Ephraim the patriarch yet alive; nor is there any need to suppose another Ephraim, different from him: \n\nand his brethren came to comfort him; some of the heads of the other tribes of Israel, particularly Manasseh, with some of his family. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":18,"content":["And when he went in to his wife,.... After his grief and sorrow in part at least had subsided: \n\nshe conceived and bare a son; which in some measure made up for the loss he had sustained: \n\nand he called his name Beriah; which signifies being \"in evil\" or calamity, he being born in an evil time: \n\nbecause it went evil with his house; or evil was in his house, as Noldius (m), in his family; a great calamity had befallen it. \n\n(m) Ebr. Concord. Part. No. 750. p. 165. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":19,"content":["And his daughter was Sherah,.... That is, the daughter of Beriah; not an immediate daughter, but a descendant of his, otherwise she could not have reached the times of Joshua, as she did by what follows: \n\nwho built Bethhoron the nether, and the upper; which were cities on the border of the tribe of Ephraim; which the Israelites having taken from the Canaanites, and destroyed, she rebuilt, see Jos 16:3. \n\nand Uzzensherah; which was called after her own name, and to distinguish it from another place called Uzzen; though of neither of them do we read elsewhere. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":20,"content":["And Rephah was his son,.... The son of Beriah, whose genealogy from him is traced down to Joshua in this and the two following verses, and stands thus: after Rephah, Resheph, Telah, Tahan, Laadan, Ammihud, Elishama, who was prince of the tribe of Ephraim in the wilderness, Num 1:10, then Non or Nun, whose son was Jehoshua or Joshua. \n, then Non or Nun, whose son was Jehoshua or Joshua. \n1 Chronicles 7:28\n\nch1 7:28\nch1 7:28\nch1 7:28And their possessions and habitations,.... That is, of the sons of Ephraim, when come into the land of Canaan: \n\nwere Bethel, and the towns thereof; the villages belonging to it, which was formerly called Luz, and was the border of Ephraim, Jos 16:7. \n\nand eastward Naaran: the same with Naarath, Jos 16:7. \n\nand westward Gezer, with the towns thereof; of which see Jos 16:3, \n\nand Shechem also, and the towns thereof; which was a city of refuge in Mount Ephraim, Jos 20:7\n\nunto Gaza, and the towns thereof; not Gaza, a city of the Philistines, for the tribe of Ephraim did not reach so far; the Targum calls it Aiah; it may be read Adaza, as in the margin of our Bibles. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":21,"content":["And by the borders of the children of Manasseh,.... Of the half tribe of Manasseh on this side Jordan: near to them the Ephraimites dwelt, even near to \n\nBethshean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towns, Dor and her towns; of all which places see Jos 17:11, \n\nin these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel; the Ephraimites, in those mentioned in Ch1 7:28, and the Manassites, in those that are here mentioned; who were both the children or posterity of Joseph, the beloved son of Israel. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":22,"content":["The son of Asher,.... Which, and his two grandsons born before Jacob went down to Egypt, are here reckoned as in Gen 46:17 only it is here added Malchiel his second grandson: \n\nwho is the father of Birzavith; which Jarchi interprets, prince of a city of this name, which signifies pure oil; which it might have from the abundance of olives about it, Asher being a tribe which abounded with them, see Deu 33:24 though some of the Rabbins take it to be the name of a man, whose daughters, they say, as Jarchi observes, were very beautiful, having much oil to anoint with, and were married to kings and priests anointed with oil. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":23,"content":["And Heber,.... The other grandson of Asher; and son of Beriah: \n\nbegat Japhlet, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shuah their sister; a place on the borders of Ephraim is called the coast of Japhleti; but whether from this Japhlet is uncertain. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":24,"content":["And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath; these are the children of Japhlet. Of whom we read not elsewhere, \nAnd the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath; these are the children of Japhlet. Of whom we read not elsewhere, \n1 Chronicles 7:34\n\nch1 7:34\nch1 7:34\nch1 7:34And the sons of Shamer,.... Or Shomer, the brother of Japhlet, Ch1 7:32. \n\nAhi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram; of whom nothing is known but their names. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":25,"content":["And the sons of his brother Helem,.... Or Helem his brother, that is, the brother of Shomer, who, according to Hillerus (n), is Hotham, Ch1 7:32. \n\nZophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, and Aram; nowhere else mentioned. \n\n(n) Onomastic. Sacr. p. 551. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":28,"content":["And the sons of Zophah,.... The eldest of the sons of Helem: \n\nSuah, and Harnepher, and Shual, and Beri, and Imrah, Bezer; and Hod, and Shamma, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and Beera; in all eleven. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":29,"content":["And the sons of Jether,.... The same with Ithran, the last of Zophah's sons but one, Ch1 7:37, \n\nJephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara; not Jephunneh the father of Caleb; he was not of the tribe of Asher, but of Judah. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":30,"content":["And the sons of Ulla,.... Who either was the son of Ara, last mentioned, or another son of Jether: \n\nArah, and Haniel, and Rezia; here ends the genealogy of Asher; the last of the tribes; Dan and Zebulun not being reckoned at all. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":32,"content":["All these were the children of Asher, heads of their father's house,.... Principal men in their tribe, and respective families: \n\nchoice and mighty men of valour; these were some selected from others, being eminent for their courage and valour: \n\nchief of the princes; or chief princes; the Vulgate Latin version is, dukes of dukes, they were heads of their fathers' families: \n\nand the number throughout the genealogy that were apt to war, and to battle, was twenty and six thousand men; that is, in the days of David, Ch1 7:4, this was the number, not of their chief men, nor of all the people in the tribe, but of their militia. \n\n\n\nNext: 1 Chronicles Chapter 8\n\n"]}],"introduction":"INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES 7 \n\nIn this chapter are given the genealogies of the tribes of Issachar, Ch1 7:1 of Benjamin, Ch1 7:6 Naphtali, Ch1 7:13, of Manasseh, Ch1 7:14 of Ephraim, Ch1 7:20 and of Asher, Ch1 7:30, even of the chief men of them; and their numbers are reckoned as in the times of David. The tribes of Dan and Zebulun are omitted. \n"},"thisChapterLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/7.json","thisChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":7},"nextChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/8.json","nextChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":8},"previousChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/6.json","previousChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":6},"numberOfVerses":29}