{"commentary":{"id":"keil-delitzsch","name":"Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary","website":"https://worthy.bible/commentaries/keil-delitzsch-commentary","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","licenseNotes":null,"licenseNotice":null,"englishName":"Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary","language":"eng","textDirection":"rtl","sha256":"bb5cc0f9cfe0a93b3c903bb6972c6bc8c4e9f2bd3be6c2a6d276737cf9c5edce","availableFormats":["json"],"listOfBooksApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/books.json","listOfProfilesApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/profiles.json","numberOfBooks":39,"totalNumberOfChapters":909,"totalNumberOfVerses":6516,"totalNumberOfProfiles":0,"languageName":"English","languageEnglishName":"English"},"book":{"id":"1CH","commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","name":"1 Chronicles","commonName":"1 Chronicles","introduction":"INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES \n\nThis and the following book were reckoned by the Jews as one book, as appears by the Masoretic note at the end of the second book, and as is affirmed by Origen (a) and Jerom (b); and they were by the ancients (c) called Chronicles, as they are by us; but they are different from the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel and Judah, so often mentioned in the preceding books, seeing several things there referred to, as in them, are not to be found here; though no doubt many things here recorded were taken from thence under a divine direction. In the Greek version, and so in the Vulgate Latin version after that, they are called \"Paralipomena\", that is, things passed over or omitted, because they contain several anecdotes which are not to be found in the books of Samuel and Kings. The Hebrew title of them is, \"Dibre Hayamim\", words of days, day books or diaries, and what the Greeks call \"Ephemerides\"; though, as \"yamim\" sometimes signifies years, they may be named \"annals\"; and so the Arabic inscription is, \n\n\"the Books of Annals;'' \n\nand because they chiefly respect the kings of Judah, the Syriac inscription is, \n\n\"the Book of the Things that were done in the Times of the Kings of Judah.'' \n\nThe Targum is, \n\n\"the Book of Genealogies, the Words of Days, which were from the Days of the World;'' \n\nbecause the first ten chapters consist of genealogies beginning from Adam. The inspired penman of these books must live after the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity, since he carries down the genealogy of the kings and princes of Judah beyond that time, Ch1 3:17. It is generally thought by the Jews and Christians that Ezra was the writer of them, with which agrees the age in which he lived; and as it may seem, from the last of these books ending with the same words with which that under his name begins: so the Talmudists (d) say, that Ezra wrote his own book, and the genealogy of the chronicles unto his own, or unto Velo, \"and he had brethren\", Ch2 21:2 and Jarchi affirms that he wrote them by the hand or means of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, inspired prophets; though some Jewish writers (e) suppose they were written partly by him, and partly by Nehemiah; that all to Ch2 21:2 were written by Ezra, and the rest by Nehemiah. Kimchi thinks that Ezra was not the first author and writer of these books, but that the books of Chronicles and Annals of the kings of Judah, and of the kings of Israel, were separately written before him; but that he only revised them, and with the men of the great synagogue added the genealogies, and put them into the canon of the Scriptures (f). Spinosa (g) fancies they were written after Judas Maccabaeus had restored the temple, since the historian tells what families dwelt in Jerusalem in the times of Ezra, Ch1 9:1 and speaks of the porters, Ch1 9:17 two of which are mentioned, Neh 11:19 as if Ezra could not describe the families that lived when he did, or name the porters of the temple, since it was finished and dedicated in his time, Ezr 6:15, but however there is no doubt to be made of the authenticity of these books, since not only they have always been acknowledged by the Jews as a part of the canonical Scripture, and by ancient Christians, as appears by the catalogues of Melito (h) and Origen (i); but there are plain references to them in the New Testament. The genealogy of Christ, by the evangelists, is formed out of them; the doxology in Rev 5:12 as some have observed, comes very near to what is used by David, Ch1 29:11 and the passages in Act 7:48 contain the sense of what is expressed in Ch2 2:5. The use and design of these books are chiefly to give a larger account of the kingdom of Judah, especially after the division of it from the ten tribes, and of the kings thereof, than what is given in the preceding books, as in the last of these books; and particularly they ascertain the genealogy of Christ, that it might be clear and plain of what tribe and family the Messiah came, that he descended from the tribe of Judah, and from the kings of the house of David, as in this first book. They both contain an history from Adam, to the deliverance of the Jews from their captivity in Babylon. The first of these books reaches, according to Hottinger (k), to A. M. 2985, and the latter is an history of four hundred and seventy two years. According to Bishop Usher (l) the former contains a course of 2990 years, and the latter of four hundred and seventy eight. \n\n(a) Apud Eusch. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. (b) Ad Dominionem, tom. 3. fol. 7. C. (c) Hieron. Praefat. in lib. Reg. tom. 3. fol. 6. B. (d) T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. (e) Shalssalet Hakabala, Abarbinel in Josuam, fol. 3. 3. (f) Vid. Buxtorf. de Punct. Antiqu. par. 1. p. 182. (g) Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 184. (h) Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 26. (i) Apud ib. l. 6. c. 25. (k) Thesaur. Philolog. l. 2. c. 1. p. 514, 515. (l) Annal. Vet. Test. p. 56. (m) Tiberias, c. 14. \n\n\n\nNext: 1 Chronicles Chapter 1\n\n","order":13,"numberOfChapters":29,"sha256":"091d6ff22eeb688c1196f64ada0314a46196aefc611d7ed38b6236d762bd96b3","firstChapterNumber":1,"firstChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/1.json","firstChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":1},"lastChapterNumber":29,"lastChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/29.json","lastChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":29},"totalNumberOfVerses":411},"chapter":{"number":25,"content":[{"type":"verse","number":1,"content":["Moreover, David and the captains of the host separated to the service,.... Of singing the praises of God; this was done by the princes of the people, and the chief of the priests, who were gathered together, and before whom the lots were cast, both for priests and Levites, and now here for the singers, see Ch1 22:2 and those that were separated were \n\nof the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun; or Ethan, the three precentors, or chief of the singers: \n\nwho should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals; sing psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, endited by the Holy Spirit of God; which contained in them prophecies concerning things to come, particularly relating to the Messiah, of which there are many in the book of Psalms; and to the tunes of these they played on the above instruments of music: \n\nand the number of the workmen, according to their service, was; as follows. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":2,"content":["Of the sons of Asaph,.... Who were separated, and by lot appointed, to the service of singers in the temple: \n\nZaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah; called Jesharelah, Ch1 25:14, these had the third fourth, fifth, and seventh lots, Ch1 25:9, \n\nunder the hands of Asaph; under his instruction and authority: \n\nwhich prophesied according to the order of the king; which Asaph composed psalms under the inspiration of the Spirit of God, and was ordered by King David to sing them, and by whose command they were inserted in the book of Psalms, where they now stand with his name to them. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":3,"content":["Of Jeduthun,.... Or Ethan, the sons of Jeduthun: \n\nGedaliah and Zeri; called Izri, Ch1 25:11, \n\nand Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six; whereas five only are mentioned; it may be thought that Shimei, Ch1 25:17 is the sixth, he not being mentioned elsewhere; it is a tradition of the Jews, that his mother was now with child of him, and it being foreseen by the Holy Spirit that he would be the chief of a course, the number six is given, as Jarchi observes; but rather, as Kimchi, he was young, and not fit to sing, yet was chosen the head of a course, until he was grown up and fit for it; to these six came up the second, fourth, eighth, twelfth, fourteenth, and tenth lots, Ch1 25:9 and these \n\nwere under the hands of their father Jeduthun; to instruct and direct them, and appoint their service to them: \n\nwho prophesied with a harp; or sung a prophetic psalm or hymn on that: \n\nto give thanks, and to praise the Lord; for what he had done and promised, and foretold he would do for his people. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":4,"content":["Of Heman: the sons of Heman,.... The third chief singer: \n\nBukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel; the same with Azareel, Ch1 25:18. \n\nShebuel; called Shubael, Ch1 25:20. \n\nand Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth; in all fourteen, to whom came the sixth, ninth, eleventh, fifteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, twentieth, twenty second, twenty fourth, seventeenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty third lots, Ch1 25:13. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":5,"content":["All these were the sons of Heman, the king's seer,.... The prophet of the king, as the Targum, who was frequently with him, assisting him \n\nin the words of God: in divine things: \n\nto lift up the horn; to blow with the hornpipe or trumpet, and to magnify and set forth the greatness of the kingdom of Israel, and especially of the King Messiah, the horn of salvation, that would be raised up in the house of David: \n\nand God gave to Heman fourteen sons; whose names are before mentioned: \n\nand three daughters; of whom we have no more account, only may observe, that both are the gifts of God, and an heritage from him, Psa 127:3. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":6,"content":["All these were under the hands of their father, for song in the house of the Lord,.... Instructed and directed by him in the performance of the service in the temple: \n\nwith cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God; which were the three principal instruments of music used in the temple service: \n\naccording to the king's order, to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman; who ordered and directed them what to sing, what tunes to make use of, and what instruments to play upon to those tunes. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":7,"content":["So the number of them, with their brethren,.... Who each of them had twelve with them, as after reckoned: \n\nthat were instructed in the songs of the Lord; taught how to sing them: \n\neven all that were cunning; expert and well skilled in the science of singing: \n\nwas two hundred and eighty eight; for there being twenty four classes answerable to those of the priests, and twelve in each class, twelve times twenty four makes two hundred and eighty eight. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":8,"content":["And they cast lots, ward against ward,.... That is, which ward or course of the singers should answer to and attend on the first ward or course of the priests in their weekly service, and which the second, and so on: \n\nas well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar; no regard was had to the age of a person, his being the firstborn or a younger brother, or to his office and station, whether as a teacher or a learner in the science of singing; he was made the head of a course, as the lot came up; and it may easily be observed, by comparing the lots in the following verses with the sons of the chief singers, according to the order of them in Ch1 25:2 that the younger are often preferred in the courses by lot to the elder, of which even the first lot is an instance. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":9,"content":["Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph,.... His second son to the preference of the firstborn, Ch1 25:2, \n\nthe second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve: and which must also be understood of Joseph, and supplied to him; for those being both in one verse, as Jarchi observes, it is but once mentioned, but must be supplied, or otherwise the number of two hundred and eighty eight could not be made up; the same is observed of all the other lots and courses to the end of the chapter as here, and therefore need no more remarks. \n\n\n\nNext: 1 Chronicles Chapter 26\n\n"]}],"introduction":"INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES 25 \n\nThis chapter relates the appointment of the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun, to be singers in the temple, Ch1 25:1 the distribution of them by lot into twenty four classes, twelve in each class, Ch1 25:8. \n"},"thisChapterLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/25.json","thisChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":25},"nextChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/26.json","nextChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":26},"previousChapterApiLink":"/api/c/keil-delitzsch/1CH/24.json","previousChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"keil-delitzsch","book":"1CH","chapter":24},"numberOfVerses":9}