{"commentary":{"id":"john-gill","name":"John Gill Bible Commentary","website":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","licenseNotes":null,"licenseNotice":null,"englishName":"John Gill Bible Commentary","language":"eng","textDirection":"rtl","sha256":"f6fcfd6c3a726dc834cfaf1ae1cd0bf49bffb88c1246ac3500699e8af7be71a5","availableFormats":["json"],"listOfBooksApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/books.json","listOfProfilesApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/profiles.json","numberOfBooks":66,"totalNumberOfChapters":1189,"totalNumberOfVerses":29707,"totalNumberOfProfiles":0,"languageName":"English","languageEnglishName":"English"},"book":{"id":"1CH","commentaryId":"john-gill","name":"1 Chronicles","commonName":"1 Chronicles","introduction":"INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES \n\nThis and the following book were reckoned by the Jews as one book, as appears by the Masoretic note at the end of the second book, and as is affirmed by Origen (a) and Jerom (b); and they were by the ancients (c) called Chronicles, as they are by us; but they are different from the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel and Judah, so often mentioned in the preceding books, seeing several things there referred to, as in them, are not to be found here; though no doubt many things here recorded were taken from thence under a divine direction. In the Greek version, and so in the Vulgate Latin version after that, they are called \"Paralipomena\", that is, things passed over or omitted, because they contain several anecdotes which are not to be found in the books of Samuel and Kings. The Hebrew title of them is, \"Dibre Hayamim\", words of days, day books or diaries, and what the Greeks call \"Ephemerides\"; though, as \"yamim\" sometimes signifies years, they may be named \"annals\"; and so the Arabic inscription is, \n\n\"the Books of Annals;'' \n\nand because they chiefly respect the kings of Judah, the Syriac inscription is, \n\n\"the Book of the Things that were done in the Times of the Kings of Judah.'' \n\nThe Targum is, \n\n\"the Book of Genealogies, the Words of Days, which were from the Days of the World;'' \n\nbecause the first ten chapters consist of genealogies beginning from Adam. The inspired penman of these books must live after the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity, since he carries down the genealogy of the kings and princes of Judah beyond that time, Ch1 3:17. It is generally thought by the Jews and Christians that Ezra was the writer of them, with which agrees the age in which he lived; and as it may seem, from the last of these books ending with the same words with which that under his name begins: so the Talmudists (d) say, that Ezra wrote his own book, and the genealogy of the chronicles unto his own, or unto Velo, \"and he had brethren\", Ch2 21:2 and Jarchi affirms that he wrote them by the hand or means of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, inspired prophets; though some Jewish writers (e) suppose they were written partly by him, and partly by Nehemiah; that all to Ch2 21:2 were written by Ezra, and the rest by Nehemiah. Kimchi thinks that Ezra was not the first author and writer of these books, but that the books of Chronicles and Annals of the kings of Judah, and of the kings of Israel, were separately written before him; but that he only revised them, and with the men of the great synagogue added the genealogies, and put them into the canon of the Scriptures (f). Spinosa (g) fancies they were written after Judas Maccabaeus had restored the temple, since the historian tells what families dwelt in Jerusalem in the times of Ezra, Ch1 9:1 and speaks of the porters, Ch1 9:17 two of which are mentioned, Neh 11:19 as if Ezra could not describe the families that lived when he did, or name the porters of the temple, since it was finished and dedicated in his time, Ezr 6:15, but however there is no doubt to be made of the authenticity of these books, since not only they have always been acknowledged by the Jews as a part of the canonical Scripture, and by ancient Christians, as appears by the catalogues of Melito (h) and Origen (i); but there are plain references to them in the New Testament. The genealogy of Christ, by the evangelists, is formed out of them; the doxology in Rev 5:12 as some have observed, comes very near to what is used by David, Ch1 29:11 and the passages in Act 7:48 contain the sense of what is expressed in Ch2 2:5. The use and design of these books are chiefly to give a larger account of the kingdom of Judah, especially after the division of it from the ten tribes, and of the kings thereof, than what is given in the preceding books, as in the last of these books; and particularly they ascertain the genealogy of Christ, that it might be clear and plain of what tribe and family the Messiah came, that he descended from the tribe of Judah, and from the kings of the house of David, as in this first book. They both contain an history from Adam, to the deliverance of the Jews from their captivity in Babylon. The first of these books reaches, according to Hottinger (k), to A. M. 2985, and the latter is an history of four hundred and seventy two years. According to Bishop Usher (l) the former contains a course of 2990 years, and the latter of four hundred and seventy eight. \n\n(a) Apud Eusch. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. (b) Ad Dominionem, tom. 3. fol. 7. C. (c) Hieron. Praefat. in lib. Reg. tom. 3. fol. 6. B. (d) T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. (e) Shalssalet Hakabala, Abarbinel in Josuam, fol. 3. 3. (f) Vid. Buxtorf. de Punct. Antiqu. par. 1. p. 182. (g) Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 184. (h) Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 26. (i) Apud ib. l. 6. c. 25. (k) Thesaur. Philolog. l. 2. c. 1. p. 514, 515. (l) Annal. Vet. Test. p. 56. (m) Tiberias, c. 14. \n\n\n\nNext: 1 Chronicles Chapter 1\n\n","order":13,"numberOfChapters":29,"sha256":"c783d4c4f163c45fc96774fade3ee30134fba8e8589b237f2292554bb4242517","firstChapterNumber":1,"firstChapterApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/1CH/1.json","firstChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"john-gill","book":"1CH","chapter":1},"lastChapterNumber":29,"lastChapterApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/1CH/29.json","lastChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"john-gill","book":"1CH","chapter":29},"totalNumberOfVerses":466},"chapter":{"number":8,"content":[{"type":"verse","number":1,"content":["Now Benjamin begat Bela his firstborn,.... See 1 Chronicles 7:6. The genealogy of the tribe of Benjamin is reviewed, because it joined and kept close with Judah in the worship of God, went into captivity, and returned out of it with it; and this review is made chiefly for the sake of Saul, and his posterity, the first king of Israel, who was of it, and in whose posterity this genealogy ends:\n\nAshbel the second; supposed to be the same with Jediael, 1 Chronicles 7:6, see Genesis 46:21.\n\nand Aharah the third; the same with Aher, 1 Chronicles 7:13, and with Ahiram, Numbers 26:38. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":2,"content":["Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. Nohah is supposed by some to be the same with Becher, 1 Chronicles 7:6 and by others with Naaman, Genesis 46:21, as Rapha, the same with Rosh there. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":3,"content":["The sons of Bela were Addar, and Gera, and Abihud. The first of these is thought to be the same with Ard, mentioned among the sons of Benjamin, Genesis 46:21 but was one of his grandsons, see Numbers 26:40 as Gera also was. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":4,"content":["And Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah, and Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram. These were all the sons of Bela; one of the name of Naaman is reckoned among the sons of Benjamin, Genesis 46:21 and from this grandson the family of the Naamanites are named, Numbers 26:40, and Ahoah is by some thought to be the same with Ehi, mentioned in Genesis 46:21 as one of Benjamin's sons. Some take the three last to be the sons of Ehud, spoken of in the next verse; but Shephuphan and Huram seem to be the same with Shupham and Hupham, Numbers 26:39. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":6,"content":["And these are the sons of Ehud,.... Not he that was a judge in Israel, Judges 3:15 but perhaps a son of Huram the last mentioned; for not the three last are his sons, as some think, but the three following in the next verse; what follows being to be read in a parenthesis:\n\n(these are the heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Geba;) a city in the tribe of Benjamin, Joshua 18:24 namely, those sons of Ehud, after mentioned, were principal men in that tribe, and chief of the inhabitants of the city of Geba:\n\nand they removed them to Manahath; the name of a country referred to in 1 Chronicles 2:52 according to Jarchi, which was in the tribe of Judah; Geba being too small, either the inhabitants of Geba removed them, or they removed themselves, or their fathers removed them, 1 Chronicles 8:7, or it may be read impersonally, they were removed thither for the sake of a better habitation; the Targum adds,\"to the land of the house of Esau,''to Edom; which is not likely. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":7,"content":["And Naaman, and Ahiah, and Gera,.... Or, to wit, Naaman, &c. so the words are to be connected with\n\nthese are the sons or Ehud, in the preceding verse:\n\nhe removed them; to the above place, that is, either Gera, or rather Ehud, he advised them, directed and enjoined them to go thither, as being most convenient for them:\n\nand he begat Uzza and Ahihud; after he had removed his other sons. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":8,"content":["And Shaharaim,.... Who was either a son of Ahihud, or rather a brother of his, another son of Ehud:\n\nbegat children in the country of Moab; whither he might go on account of the famine, as Elimelech did, Ruth 1:1, after he had sent them away; which some understand of those that were removed from Geba to Manahath, 1 Chronicles 8:6, but a different word is here used; and besides Shaharaim seems to be one of those that were removed. Kimchi takes Shilhootham, we render \"had sent them away\", to be the name of his first wife, of whom he begat children in Moab; but it seems best to render and interpret the words in connection with what follows: he begat children in Moab:\n\nafter he had sent them away; even Hushim and Baara his wives; after he had divorced them, for some reasons he had, he begat children of another wife, later mentioned. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":9,"content":["And he begat of Hodesh his wife,.... That is, he, I say, begat, namely, Shaharaim; the Targum makes this Hodesh to be the same with Baara, called so because she was newly espoused; but wrongly: the sons begotten of her were the seven following;\n\nJobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcham, Jeuz, Shachia, and Mirma. These were his sons; the sons of Shaharaim by his wife Hodesh:\n\nheads of the fathers; of the houses or families of their father. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":10,"content":["And of Hushim he begat Abitub, and Elpaal. Before he sent her away, or divorced her, 1 Chronicles 8:8. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":12,"content":["The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed,.... Besides those in 1 Chronicles 8:14.\n\nwho built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof; not Shamed, but Elpaal his father, so the Targum; and the Talmudists say (o), these were walled cities from the days of Joshua the son of Nun, and were destroyed in the days of the concubine in Gibea, and Elpaal came and rebuilt them; they were inhabited by the Benjaminites, upon their return from the Babylonish captivity, Nehemiah 11:35 they were near to each other; according to a Jewish chronologer (p), it was three miles from the one to the other; Lod is the same with Lydda, in Acts 9:32.\n\n(o) T. Hieros. Megillah, fol. 70. 1. & T. Bab Megillah, fol. 4. 1. So the Targum. (p) Juchasin, fol. 39. 2. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":13,"content":["Beriah also, and Shema,.... These were sons of Elpaal:\n\nwho were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon; which, though in the tribe of Dan, Joshua 19:42 might afterwards come into the possession of Benjamin; or this may be another place of the same name in Benjamin; or, however, might be inhabited by Benjaminites, upon the return from captivity, who descended from those men:\n\nwho drove away the inhabitants of Gath; dispossessed them of their city, in revenge for what they had done to the Ephraimites, 1 Chronicles 7:21. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":14,"content":["And Ahio, Shashak, and Jerimoth. These were also sons of Elpaal. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":15,"content":["And Zebadiah,.... And all that follow in this and the next verse were the sons of Beriah the son of Elpaal; namely:\n\nArad, Ader, Michael, Ispah, and Joha. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":17,"content":["And Zebadiah, and Meshullam,.... These, with those that follow:\n\nHezeki, Heber, Ishmerai, Jezliah, and Jobab, were the sons of Elpaal \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":19,"content":["And Jakim,.... With all the rest in these verses, namely:\n\nZichri, Zabdi, Elienai, Zilthai, Eliel, Adaiah, Beraiah, and Shimrath, were the sons of Shimhi, the same with Shema brother of Beriah, and son of Elpaal, 1 Chronicles 8:13. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":22,"content":["And Ishpan, and Heber,.... And all that follow to the end of these verses:\n\nEliel, Abdon, Zichri, Hanan, Hananiah, Elam, Antothijah, Iphedeiah, and Penuel, were the sons of Shashak, another son of Elpaal, 1 Chronicles 8:14. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":26,"content":["And Shamsherai,.... Who, with those next mentioned:\n\nShehariah, Athaliah, Jaresiah, Eliah, and Zichri, were the sons of Jeroham, who perhaps is the same with Jerimoth, another son of Elpaal, 1 Chronicles 8:14 who makes a considerable figure in this genealogy. Kimchi observes that it is a tradition (q) that this Eliah is Elijah the prophet, who was of the seed of Rachel.\n\n(q) Shemoth Rabba, sect. 40. fol. 138. 4. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":28,"content":["These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men,.... All from 1 Chronicles 8:14, the sons of Elpaal and their sons:\n\nthese dwelt in Jerusalem; part of which always belonged to the tribe of Benjamin, see Joshua 15:63. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":29,"content":["And at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon,.... The builder of the city, and prince of the inhabitants of it, which was in the tribe of Benjamin, Joshua 18:25 whose name was Jehiel, 1 Chronicles 9:35,\n\n(whose wife's name was Maachah;) of which name were many, see 1 Chronicles 2:48. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":30,"content":["And his firstborn son Abdon,.... That is, Jehiel's, the father or prince of Gibeon; other sons follow:\n\nZur, Kish, Baal, Nadab, Gedor, Ahio, and Zacher; called Zechariah, 1 Chronicles 9:37 and between Baal and Nadab, Ner is placed, 1 Chronicles 9:36 and another son is added at the end of 1 Chronicles 9:37, Mikloth next mentioned. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":32,"content":["And Mikloth begat Shimeah,.... Called Shimeam, 1 Chronicles 9:38.\n\nand these also dwelt with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against them; in another part of the city, right beside them. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":33,"content":["And Ner begat Kish,.... Who also is called Abiel, as the Targum here adds; for Ner had two names, as other Jewish writers likewise say (r), see 1 Samuel 9:1,\n\nand Kish begat Saul; the first king of Israel, for whose sake chiefly the genealogy of Benjamin is revised and enlarged in this chapter:\n\nand Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal, see 1 Samuel 31:2. Abinadab is called Ishui, 1 Samuel 14:49 and Eshbaal is the same with Ishbosheth, 2 Samuel 2:8, so Baal and Bosheth are used of the same idol of which they are names, Hosea 9:10.\n\n(r) Vajikra Rabba, sect. 9. fol. 152. 4. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":34,"content":["And the son of Jonathan was Meribbaal,.... The same with Mephibosheth, 2 Samuel 4:4 so Jerubbaal is called Jerubbesheth, Judges 6:32.\n\nand Meribbaal begat Micah; called his young son in David's time, 2 Samuel 9:12. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":35,"content":["And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tarea, and Ahaz. The last but one is called Tahrea, 1 Chronicles 9:41, where Ahaz is left out, though supplied in our version. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":36,"content":["And Ahaz begat Jehoadah,.... Called Jarah, 1 Chronicles 9:42.\n\nand Jehoadah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza; the same account is given, 1 Chronicles 9:42. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":37,"content":["And Moza begat Binea; Rapha was his son,.... Called Rephaiah, 1 Chronicles 9:43.\n\nElasah his son; whose name is Eleasah, 1 Chronicles 9:43.\n\nAzel his son. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":38,"content":["And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bochim, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan,.... Which make the said number:\n\nall these were the sons of Azel; his family was large. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":39,"content":["And the sons of Eshek his brother,.... The brother of Azel; who he was is not known, unless he is the same with Elasah, as is conjectured:\n\nwere Ulam his firstborn, Jehush the second, and Eliphelet the third. \n"]},{"type":"verse","number":40,"content":["And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour,.... Men of great fortitude and courage, though their names are not expressed:\n\narchers; skilful in the use of the bow and arrows, as the Benjaminites formerly were famous for slinging stones:\n\nand had many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty; so that the posterity of Jonathan, whose genealogy is drawn down from 1 Chronicles 8:34 hither, were very great; and greater still, according to the Vulgate Latin version, in which the number is 150,000 in the edition of Sixtus the fifth, and so in most MSS of that version (s).\n\nall these are of the sons of Benjamin; his posterity, whose names are given in this chapter.\n\n(s) See James of the Contrariety of the Popish Bibles, p. 294. \n"]}]},"thisChapterLink":"/api/c/john-gill/1CH/8.json","thisChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"john-gill","book":"1CH","chapter":8},"nextChapterApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/1CH/9.json","nextChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"john-gill","book":"1CH","chapter":9},"previousChapterApiLink":"/api/c/john-gill/1CH/7.json","previousChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"john-gill","book":"1CH","chapter":7},"numberOfVerses":29}