{"commentary":{"id":"jamieson-fausset-brown","name":"Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary","website":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","licenseNotes":null,"licenseNotice":null,"englishName":"Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary","language":"eng","textDirection":"rtl","sha256":"db3d4c8b3c1f32ef9d1430a57392e02bda3a17aac1f9bbe398461de021a3cb13","availableFormats":["json"],"listOfBooksApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/books.json","listOfProfilesApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/profiles.json","numberOfBooks":66,"totalNumberOfChapters":1187,"totalNumberOfVerses":17056,"totalNumberOfProfiles":0,"languageName":"English","languageEnglishName":"English"},"book":{"id":"LUK","commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","name":"Luke","commonName":"Luke","introduction":"THE writer of this Gospel is universally allowed to have been Lucas (an abbreviated form of Lucanus, as Silas of Silvanus), though he is not expressly named either in the Gospel or in the Acts. From Col 4:14 we learn that he was a \"physician\"; and by comparing that verse with Col 4:10-11 --in which the apostle enumerates all those of the circumcision who were then with him, but does not mention Luke, though he immediately afterwards sends a salutation from him--we gather that Luke was not a born Jew. Some have thought he was a freed-man (libertinus), as the Romans devolved the healing art on persons of this class and on their slaves, as an occupation beneath themselves. His intimate acquaintance with Jewish customs, and his facility in Hebraic Greek, seem to show that he was an early convert to the Jewish faith; and this is curiously confirmed by Act 21:27-29, where we find the Jews enraged at Paul's supposed introduction of Greeks into the temple, because they had seen \"Trophimus the Ephesian\" with him; and as we know that Luke was with Paul on that occasion, it would seem that they had taken him for a Jew, as they made no mention of him. On the other hand, his fluency in classical Greek confirms his Gentile origin. The time when he joined Paul's company is clearly indicated in the Acts by his changing (at Act 16:10) from the third person singular (\"he\") to the first person plural (\"we\"). From that time he hardly ever left the apostle till near the period of his martyrdom (Ti2 4:11). EUSEBIUS makes him a native of Antioch. If so, he would have every advantage for cultivating the literature of Greece and such medical knowledge as was then possessed. That he died a natural death is generally agreed among the ancients; GREGORY NAZIANZEN alone affirming that he died a martyr.\n\nThe time and place of the publication of his Gospel are alike uncertain. But we can approximate to it. It must at any rate have been issued before the Acts, for there the 'Gospel' is expressly referred to as the same author's \"former treatise\" (Act 1:1). Now the Book of the Acts was not published for two whole years after Paul's arrival as a prisoner at Rome, for it concludes with a reference to this period; but probably it was published soon after that, which would appear to have been early in the year 63. Before that time, then, we have reason to believe that the Gospel of Luke was in circulation, though the majority of critics make it later. If we date it somewhere between A.D. 50 and 60, we shall probably be near the truth; but nearer it we cannot with any certainty come. Conjectures as to the place of publication are too uncertain to be mentioned here.\n\nThat it was addressed, in the first instance, to Gentile readers, is beyond doubt. This is no more, as DAVIDSON remarks [Introduction to the New Testament, p. 186], than was to have been expected from the companion of an \"apostle of the Gentiles,\" who had witnessed marvellous changes in the condition of many heathens by the reception of the Gospel. But the explanations in his Gospel of things known to every Jew, and which could only be intended for Gentile readers, make this quite plain--see Luk 1:26; Luk 4:31; Luk 8:26; Luk 21:37; Luk 22:1; Luk 24:13. A number of other minute particulars, both of things inserted and of things omitted, confirm the conclusion that it was Gentiles whom this Evangelist had in the first instance in view.\n\nWe have already adverted to the classical style of Greek which this Evangelist writes--just what might have been expected from an educated Greek and travelled physician. But we have also observed that along with this he shows a wonderful flexibility of style, so much so, that when he comes to relate transactions wholly Jewish, where the speakers and actors and incidents are all Jewish, he writes in such Jewish Greek as one would do who had never been out of Palestine or mixed with any but Jews. In DA COSTA'S'S Four Witnesses will be found some traces of \"the beloved physician\" in this Gospel. But far more striking and important are the traces in it of his intimate connection with the apostle of the Gentiles. That one who was so long and so constantly in the society of that master mind has in such a work as this shown no traces of that connection, no stamp of that mind, is hardly to be believed. Writers of Introductions seem not to see it, and take no notice of it. But those who look into the interior of it will soon discover evidences enough in it of a Pauline cast of mind. Referring for a number of details to DA COSTA, we notice here only two examples: In Co1 11:23, Paul ascribes to an express revelation from Christ Himself the account of the Institution of the Lord's Supper which he there gives. Now, if we find this account differing in small yet striking particulars from the accounts given by Matthew and Mark, but agreeing to the letter with Luke's account, it can hardly admit of a doubt that the one had it from the other; and in that case, of course, it was Luke that had it from Paul. Now Matthew and Mark both say of the Cup, \"This is my blood of the New Testament\"; while Paul and Luke say, in identical terms, \"This cup is the New Testament in My blood\" (Co1 11:25; Luk 22:20). Further, Luke says, \"Likewise also the cup after supper, saying,\" &c.; while Paul says, \"After the same manner He took the cup when He had supped, saying,\" &c.; whereas neither Matthew nor Mark mention that this was after supper. But still more striking is another point of coincidence in this case. Matthew and Mark both say of the Bread merely this: \"Take, eat; this is My body\" (Mat 26:26; Mar 14:22); whereas Paul says, \"Take, eat, this is My body, which is broken for you\" (Co1 11:24), and Luke, \"This is My body, which is given for you\" (Luk 22:19). And while Paul adds the precious clause, \"This do in remembrance of Me,\" Luke does the same, in identical terms. How can one who reflects on this resist the conviction of a Pauline stamp in this Gospel? The other proof of this to which we ask the reader's attention is in the fact that Paul, in enumerating the parties by whom Christ was seen after His resurrection, begins, singularly enough, with Peter--\"And that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and that He was seen of Cephas, then of the Twelve\" (Co1 15:4-5) --coupled with the remarkable fact, that Luke is the only one of the Evangelists who mentions that Christ appeared to Peter at all. When the disciples had returned from Emmaus to tell their brethren how the Lord had appeared to them in the way, and how He had made Himself known to them in the breaking of bread, they were met, as Luke relates, ere they had time to utter a word, with this wonderful piece of news, \"The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon\" (Luk 24:34).\n\nOther points connected with this Gospel will be adverted to in the Commentary. \n\n\n\nNext: Luke Chapter 1\n\n","order":42,"numberOfChapters":24,"sha256":"204b6ad5a3007ae03d59f0a3f250dc1a4fed154e78ef885292075f6de0b65757","firstChapterNumber":1,"firstChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/LUK/1.json","firstChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"LUK","chapter":1},"lastChapterNumber":24,"lastChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/LUK/24.json","lastChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"LUK","chapter":24},"totalNumberOfVerses":596},"chapter":{"number":24,"content":[{"type":"verse","number":6,"content":["in Galilee--to which these women themselves belonged (Luk 23:55).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":7,"content":["Saying, &c.--How remarkable it is to hear angels quoting a whole sentence of Christ's to the disciples, mentioning where it was uttered, and wondering it was not fresh in their memory, as doubtless it was in theirs! (Ti1 3:16, \"seen of angels,\" and Pe1 1:12).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":10,"content":["Joanna--(See on Luk 8:1-3).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":12,"content":["Peter, &c.--(See on Joh 20:1-10).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":13,"content":["CHRIST APPEARS TO THE TWO GOING TO EMMAUS. (Luke 24:13-35)\n\ntwo of them--One was Cleopas (Luk 24:18); who the other was is mere conjecture. \n\nEmmaus--about seven and a half miles from Jerusalem. They probably lived there and were going home after the Passover.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":14,"content":["communed and reasoned--exchanged views and feelings, weighing afresh all the facts, as detailed in Luk 24:18-24. \n\ndrew near--coming up behind them as from Jerusalem. \n\neyes holden--Partly He was \"in another form\" (Mar 16:12), and partly there seems to have been an operation on their own vision; though certainly, as they did not believe that He was alive, His company as a fellow traveller was the last thing they would expect,\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":17,"content":["communications, &c.--The words imply the earnest discussion that had appeared in their manner.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":18,"content":["knowest not, &c.--If he knew not the events of the last few days in Jerusalem, he must be a mere sojourner; if he did, how could he suppose they would be talking of anything else? How artless all this!\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":19,"content":["Concerning Jesus, &c.--As if feeling it a relief to have someone to unburden his thoughts and feelings to, this disciple goes over the main facts in his own desponding style, and this was just what our Lord wished.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":21,"content":["we trusted, &c.--They expected the promised Deliverance at His hand, but in the current sense of it, not by His death. \n\nbesides all this--not only did His death seem to give the fatal blow to their hopes, but He had been two days dead already, and this was the third. It is true, they add, some of our women gave us a surprise, telling us of a vision of angels they had at the empty grave this morning that said He was alive, and some of ourselves who went thither confirmed their statement; but then Himself they saw not. A doleful tale truly, told out of the deepest despondency.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":25,"content":["fools--senseless, without understanding.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":26,"content":["Ought not Christ--\"the Christ,\" \"the Messiah.\" \n\nto suffer . . . and enter--that is, through the gate of suffering (and suffering \"these things,\" or such a death) to enter into His glory. \"Ye believe in the glory; but these very sufferings are the predicted gate of entrance into it.\"\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":27,"content":["Moses and all the prophets, &c.--Here our Lord both teaches us the reverence due to Old Testament Scripture, and the great burden of it--\"Himself.\"\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":28,"content":["made as though, &c.--(Compare Mar 6:48; Gen 18:3, Gen 18:5; Gen 32:24-26).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":29,"content":["constrained, &c.--But for this, the whole design of the interview had been lost; but it was not to be lost, for He who only wished to be constrained had kindled a longing in the hearts of His travelling companions which was not to be so easily put off. And does not this still repeat itself in the interviews of the Saviour with His loving, longing disciples? Else why do they say,\n\nAbide with me from morn to eve, \n\nFor without Thee I cannot live; \n\nAbide with me when night is nigh, \n\nFor without Thee I cannot die. \n\nKEBLE \n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":30,"content":["he took . . . and blessed . . . and their eyes were opened--The stranger first startles them by taking the place of master at their own table, but on proceeding to that act which reproduced the whole scene of the last Supper, a rush of associations and recollections disclosed their guest, and He stood confessed before their astonished gaze--THEIR RISEN LORD! They were going to gaze on Him, perhaps embrace Him, but that moment He is gone! It was enough.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":32,"content":["They now tell each to the other how their hearts burned--were fired--within them at His talk and His expositions of Scripture. \"Ah! this accounts for it: We could not understand the glow of self-evidencing light, love, glory that ravished our hearts; but now we do.\" They cannot rest--how could they?--they must go straight back and tell the news. They find the eleven, but ere they have time to tell their tale, their ears are saluted with the thrilling news, \"The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon.\" Most touching and precious intelligence this. The only one of the Eleven to whom He appeared alone was he, it seems, who had so shamefully denied Him. What passed at that interview we shall never know here. Probably it was too sacred for disclosure. (See on Mar 16:7). The two from Emmaus now relate what had happened to them, and while thus comparing notes of their Lord's appearances, lo! Christ Himself stands in the midst of them. What encouragement to doubting, dark, true-hearted disciples!\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":36,"content":["JESUS APPEARS TO THE ASSEMBLED DISCIPLES--HIS ASCENSION. (Luke 24:36-53)\n\nJesus . . . stood--(See on Joh 20:19).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":37,"content":["a spirit--the ghost of their dead Lord, but not Himself in the body (Act 12:15; Mat 14:26). \n\nthoughts--rather, \"reasonings\"; that is, whether He were risen or no, and whether this was His very self.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":39,"content":["Behold, &c.--lovingly offering them both ocular and tangible demonstration of the reality of His resurrection. \n\na spirit hath not--an important statement regarding \"spirits.\" \n\nflesh and bones--He says not \"flesh and blood\"; for the blood is the life of the animal and corruptible body (Gen 9:4), which \"cannot inherit the kingdom of God\" (Co1 15:50); but \"flesh and bones,\" implying the identity, but with diversity of laws, of the resurrection body. (See on Joh 20:24-28).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":41,"content":["believed not for joy, &c.--They did believe, else they had not rejoiced [BENGEL]. But it seemed too good to be true (Psa 126:1-2).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":42,"content":["honeycomb--common frugal fare, anciently.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":43,"content":["eat before them--that is, let them see Him doing it: not for His own necessity, but their conviction.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":44,"content":["These are the words, &c.--that is, \"Now you will understand what seemed so dark to you when I told you about the Son of man being put to death and rising again\" (Luk 18:31-34). \n\nwhile . . . yet with you--a striking expression, implying that He was now, as the dead and risen Saviour, virtually dissevered from this scene of mortality, and from all ordinary intercourse with His mortal disciples. \n\nlaw . . . prophets . . . psalms--the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament Scriptures.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":45,"content":["Then opened he, &c.--a statement of unspeakable value; expressing, on the one hand, Christ's immediate access to the human spirit and absolute power over it, to the adjustment of its vision, and permanent rectification for spiritual discernment (than which it is impossible to conceive a stronger evidence of His proper divinity); and, on the other hand, making it certain that the manner of interpreting the ld Testament which the apostles afterwards employed (see the Acts and Epistles), has the direct sanction of Christ Himself.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":46,"content":["behoved Christ--(See on Luk 24:26).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":47,"content":["beginning at Jerusalem--(1) As the metropolis and heart of the then existing kingdom of God:--\"to the Jew first\" (Rom 1:16; Act 13:46; Isa 2:3, see on Mat 10:6). (2) As the great reservoir and laboratory of all the sin and crime of the nation, thus proclaiming for all time that there is mercy in Christ for the chief of sinners. (See on Mat 23:37).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":48,"content":["witnesses--(Compare Act 1:8, Act 1:22).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":49,"content":["I send--the present tense, to intimate its nearness. \n\npromise of my Father--that is, what My Father hath promised; the Holy Ghost, of which Christ is the authoritative Dispenser (Joh 14:7; Rev 3:1; Rev 5:6). \n\nendued--invested, or clothed with; implying, as the parallels show (Rom 13:14; Co1 15:53; Gal 3:27; Col 3:9-10), their being so penetrated and acted upon by conscious supernatural power (in the full sense of that word) as to stamp with divine authority the whole exercise of their apostolic office, including, of course, their pen as well as their mouth.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":50,"content":["to Bethany--not to the village itself, but on the \"descent\" to it from Mount Olivet.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":51,"content":["while he blessed . . . parted, &c.--Sweet intimation! Incarnate Love, Crucified Love, Risen Love, now on the wing for heaven, waiting only those odorous gales which were to waft Him to the skies, goes away in benedictions, that in the character of Glorified, Enthroned Love, He might continue His benedictions, but in yet higher form, until He come again! And oh, if angels were so transported at His birth into this scene of tears and death, what must have been their ecstasy as they welcomed and attended Him \"far above all heavens\" into the presence-chamber, and conducted Him to the right hand of the Majesty on High! Thou hast an everlasting right, O my Saviour, to that august place. The brightness of the Father's glory, enshrined in our nature, hath won it well; for He poured out His soul unto death, and led captivity captive, receiving gifts for men, yea for the rebellious, that the Lord God might dwell among them. Thou art the King of glory, O Christ. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, be lifted up, ye everlasting doors, that the King of glory may come in! Even so wilt Thou change these vile bodies of ours, that they may be like unto Thine own glorious body; and then with gladness and rejoicing shall they be brought, they shall enter into the King's palace!\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":52,"content":["worshipped him--certainly in the strictest sense of adoration. \n\nreturned to Jerusalem--as instructed to do: but not till after gazing, as if entranced, up into the blue vault in which He had disappeared, they were gently checked by two shining ones, who assured them He would come again to them in the like manner as He had gone into heaven. (See on Act 1:10-11). This made them return, not with disappointment at His removal, but \"with great joy.\"\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":53,"content":["were continually in the temple--that is, every day at the regular hours of prayer till the day of Pentecost.\n\n\n\n\n\nNext: John Introduction\n\n"]}],"introduction":"ANGELIC ANNOUNCEMENT TO THE WOMEN THAT CHRIST IS RISEN--PETER'S VISIT TO THE EMPTY SEPULCHRE. (Luk 24:1-12)\n\nWhy, &c.--Astonishing question! not \"the risen,\" but \"the Living One\" (compare Rev 1:18); and the surprise expressed in it implies an incongruity in His being there at all, as if, though He might submit to it, \"it was impossible He should be holden of it\" (Act 2:24).\n\n"},"thisChapterLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/LUK/24.json","thisChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"LUK","chapter":24},"nextChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JHN/1.json","nextChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JHN","chapter":1},"previousChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/LUK/23.json","previousChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"LUK","chapter":23},"numberOfVerses":33}