{"commentary":{"id":"jamieson-fausset-brown","name":"Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary","website":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","licenseNotes":null,"licenseNotice":null,"englishName":"Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary","language":"eng","textDirection":"rtl","sha256":"db3d4c8b3c1f32ef9d1430a57392e02bda3a17aac1f9bbe398461de021a3cb13","availableFormats":["json"],"listOfBooksApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/books.json","listOfProfilesApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/profiles.json","numberOfBooks":66,"totalNumberOfChapters":1187,"totalNumberOfVerses":17056,"totalNumberOfProfiles":0,"languageName":"English","languageEnglishName":"English"},"book":{"id":"JER","commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","name":"Jeremiah","commonName":"Jeremiah","introduction":"JEREMIAH, son of Hilkiah, one of the ordinary priests, dwelling in Anathoth of Benjamin (Jer 1:1), not the Hilkiah the high priest who discovered the book of the law (Kg2 22:8); had he been the same, the designation would have been \"the priest\", or \"the high priest\". Besides, his residence at Anathoth shows that he belonged to the line of Abiathar, who was deposed from the high priesthood by Solomon (Kg1 2:26-35), after which the office remained in Zadok's line. Mention occurs of Jeremiah in Ch2 35:25; Ch2 36:12, Ch2 36:21. In 629 B.C. the thirteenth year of King Josiah, while still very young (Jer 1:5), he received his prophetical call in Anathoth (Jer 1:2); and along with Hilkiah the high priest, the prophetess Huldah, and the prophet Zephaniah, he helped forward Josiah's reformation of religion (2Ki. 23:1-25). Among the first charges to him was one that he should go and proclaim God's message in Jerusalem (Jer 2:2). He also took an official tour to announce to the cities of Judah the contents of the book of the law, found in the temple (Jer 11:6) five years after his call to prophesy. On his return to Anathoth, his countrymen, offended at his reproofs, conspired against his life. To escape their persecutions (Jer 11:21), as well as those of his own family (Jer 12:6), he left Anathoth and resided at Jerusalem. During the eighteen years of his ministry in Josiah's reign he was unmolested; also during the three months of Jehoahaz or Shallum's reign (Jer 22:10-12). On Jehoiakim's accession it became evident that Josiah's reformation effected nothing more than a forcible repression of idolatry and the establishment of the worship of God outwardly. The priests, prophets, and people then brought Jeremiah before the authorities, urging that he should be put to death for his denunciations of evil against the city (Jer 26:8-11). The princes, however, especially Ahikam, interposed in his behalf (Jer 26:16, Jer 26:24), but he was put under restraint, or at least deemed it prudent not to appear in public. In the fourth year of Jehoiakim (606 B.C.), he was commanded to write the predictions given orally through him, and to read them to the people. Being \"shut up\", he could not himself go into the house of the Lord (Jer 36:5); he therefore deputed Baruch, his amanuensis, to read them in public on the fast day. The princes thereupon advised Baruch and Jeremiah to hide themselves from the king's displeasure. Meanwhile they read the roll to the king, who was so enraged that he cut it with a knife and threw it into the fire; at the same time giving orders for the apprehension of the prophet and Baruch. They escaped Jehoiakim's violence, which had already killed the prophet Urijah (Jer 26:20-23). Baruch rewrote the words, with additional prophecies, on another roll (Jer 36:27-32). In the three months' reign of Jehoiachin or Jeconiah, he prophesied the carrying away of the king and the queen mother (Jer 13:18; Jer 22:24-30; compare Kg2 24:12). In this reign he was imprisoned for a short time by Pashur (Jer. 20:1-18), the chief governor of the Lord's house; but at Zedekiah's accession he was free (Jer 37:4), for the king sent to him to \"inquire of the Lord\" when Nebuchadnezzar came up against Jerusalem (Jer 21:1-3, &c.; Jer 37:3). The Chaldeans drew off on hearing of the approach of Pharaoh's army (Jer 37:5); but Jeremiah warned the king that the Egyptians would forsake him, and the Chaldeans return and burn up the city (Jer 37:7-8). The princes, irritated at this, made the departure of Jeremiah from the city during the respite a pretext for imprisoning him, on the allegation of his deserting to the Chaldeans (Jer 38:1-5). He would have been left to perish in the dungeon of Malchiah, but for the intercession of Ebed-melech, the Ethiopian (Jer 38:6-13). Zedekiah, though he consulted Jeremiah in secret yet was induced by his princes to leave Jeremiah in prison (Jer 38:14-28) until Jerusalem was taken. Nebuchadnezzar directed his captain, Nebuzar-adan, to give him his freedom, so that he might either go to Babylon or stay with the remnant of his people as he chose. As a true patriot, notwithstanding the forty and a half years during which his country had repaid his services with neglect and persecution, he stayed with Gedaliah, the ruler appointed by Nebuchadnezzar over Judea (Jer 40:6). After the murder of Gedaliah by Ishmael, Johanan, the recognized ruler of the people, in fear of the Chaldeans avenging the murder of Gedaliah, fled with the people to Egypt, and forced Jeremiah and Baruch to accompany him, in spite of the prophet's warning that the people should perish if they went to Egypt, but be preserved by remaining in their land (Jer. 41:1-43:13). At Tahpanhes, a boundary city on the Tanitic or Pelustan branch of the Nile, he prophesied the overthrow of Egypt (Jer 43:8-13). Tradition says he died in Egypt. According to the PSEUDO-EPIPHANIUS, he was stoned at TaphnÃ&brvbr or Tahpanhes. The Jews so venerated him that they believed he would rise from the dead and be the forerunner of Messiah (Mat 16:14).\n\nHAVERNICK observes that the combination of features in Jeremiah's character proves his divine mission; mild, timid, and susceptible of melancholy, yet intrepid in the discharge of his prophetic functions, not sparing the prince any more than the meanest of his subjects--the Spirit of prophecy controlling his natural temper and qualifying him for his hazardous undertaking, without doing violence to his individuality. Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Daniel, and Ezekiel were his contemporaries. The last forms a good contrast to Jeremiah, the Spirit in his case acting on a temperament as strongly marked by firmness as Jeremiah's was by shrinking and delicate sensitiveness. Ezekiel views the nation's sins as opposed to righteousness--Jeremiah, as productive of misery; the former takes the objective, the latter the subjective, view of the evils of the times. Jeremiah's style corresponds to his character: he is peculiarly marked by pathos, and sympathy with the wretched; his Lamentations illustrate this; the whole series of elegies has but one object--to express sorrow for his fallen country; yet the lights and images in which he presents this are so many, that the reader, so far from feeling it monotonous, is charmed with the variety of the plaintive strains throughout. The language is marked by AramÃ&brvbrisms, which probably was the ground of JEROME'S charge that the style is \"rustic\". LOWTH denies the charge and considers him in portions not inferior to Isaiah. His heaping of phrase on phrase, the repetition of stereotyped forms--and these often three times--are due to his affected feelings and to his desire to intensify the expression of them; he is at times more concise, energetic, and sublime, especially against foreign nations, and in the rhythmical parts.\n\nThe principle of the arrangement of his prophecies is hard to ascertain. The order of kings was--Josiah (under whom he prophesied eighteen years), Jehoahaz (three months), Jehoiakim (eleven years), Jeconiah (three months), Zedekiah (eleven years). But his prophecies under Josiah (the first through twentieth chapters) are immediately followed by a portion under Zedekiah (the twenty-first chapter). Again, Jer 24:8-10, as to Zedekiah, comes in the midst of the section as to Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, and Jeconiah (the twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fifth chapters, &c.) So the thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth chapters as to Jehoiakim, follow the twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, thirty-third, thirty-fourth chapters, as to Zedekiah; and the forty-fifth chapter, dated the fourth year of Jehoiakim, comes after predictions as to the Jews who fled to Egypt after the overthrow of Jerusalem. EWALD thinks the present arrangement substantially Jeremiah's own; the various portions are prefaced by the same formula, \"The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord\" (Jer 7:1; Jer 11:1; Jer 18:1; Jer 21:1; Jer 25:1; Jer 30:1; Jer 32:1; Jer 34:1, Jer 34:8; Jer 35:1; Jer 40:1; Jer 44:1; compare Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34). Notes of time mark other divisions more or less historical (Jer 26:1; Jer 27:1; Jer 36:1; Jer 37:1). Two other portions are distinct of themselves (Jer 29:1; Jer 45:1). The second chapter has the shorter introduction which marks the beginning of a strophe; the third chapter seems imperfect, having as the introduction merely \"saying\" (Jer 3:1, Hebrew). Thus in the poetical parts, there are twenty-three sections divided into strophes of from seven to nine verses, marked some way thus, \"The Lord said also unto me\". They form five books: I. The Introduction, first chapter II. Reproofs of the Jews, the second through twenty-fourth chapters, made up of seven sections: (1) the second chapter (2) the third through sixth chapters; (3) the seventh through tenth chapters; (4) the eleventh through thirteenth chapters; (5) the fourteenth through seventeenth chapters; (6) the seventeenth through nineteenth and twentieth chapters; (7) the twenty-first through twenty-fourth chapters. III. Review of all nations in two sections: the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth through forty-ninth chapters, with a historical appendix of three sections, (1) the twenty-sixth chapter; (2) the twenty-seventh chapter; (3) the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth chapters. IV. Two sections picturing the hopes of brighter times, (1) the thirtieth and thirty-first chapters; (2) the thirty-second and thirty-third chapters; and an historical appendix in three sections: (1) Jer 34:1-7; (2) Jer 34:8-22; (3) Jer. 35:1-19. V. The conclusion, in two sections: (1) Jer 36:2; (2) Jer 45:1-5. Subsequently, in Egypt, he added Jer 46:13-26 to the previous prophecy as to Egypt; also the three sections, the thirty-seventh through thirty-ninth chapters; fortieth through forty-third chapters; and forty-fourth chapter. The fifty-second chapter was probably (see Jer 51:64) an appendix from a later hand, taken from Kg2 24:18, &c.; Kg2 25:30. The prophecies against the several foreign nations stand in a different order in the Hebrew from that of the Septuagint; also the prophecies against them in the Hebrew (the forty-sixth through fifty-first chapters) are in the Septuagint placed after Jer 25:14, forming the twenty-sixth and thirty-first chapters; the remainder of the twenty-fifth chapter of the Hebrew is the thirty-second chapter of the Septuagint. Some passages in the Hebrew (Jer 27:19-22; Jer 33:14-26; Jer 39:4-14 Jer 48:45-47) are not found in the Septuagint; the Greek translators must have had a different recension before them; probably an earlier one. The Hebrew is probably the latest and fullest edition from Jeremiah's own hand. See on Jer 25:13. The canonicity of his prophecies is established by quotations of them in the New Testament (see Mat 2:17; Mat 16:14; Heb 8:8-12; on Mat 27:9, see on Introduction to Zechariah); also by the testimony of Ecclesiasticus 49:7, which quotes Jer 1:10; of PHILO, who quotes his word as an \"oracle\"; and of the list of canonical books in MELITO, ORIGEN, JEROME, and the Talmud. \n\n\n\nNext: Jeremiah Chapter 1\n\n","order":24,"numberOfChapters":52,"sha256":"c78e13c74a2800611f22cb60aa103f8a8343344fc49d4e0043f00d5c7e483f21","firstChapterNumber":1,"firstChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JER/1.json","firstChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JER","chapter":1},"lastChapterNumber":52,"lastChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JER/52.json","lastChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JER","chapter":52},"totalNumberOfVerses":1164},"chapter":{"number":48,"content":[{"type":"verse","number":2,"content":["no more praise-- (Isa 16:14). \n\nin Heshbon--The foe having taken Heshbon, the chief city of Moab (Jer 48:45), in it devise evil against Moab (\"it\") saying, Come,\" &c. Heshbon was midway between the rivers Arnon and Jabbok; it was the residence of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and afterwards a Levitical city in Gad (Num 21:26). There is a play on words in the Hebrew, \"Heshbon, Hashbu.\" Heshbon means a place of devising or counsel. The city, heretofore called the seat of counsel, shall find other counsellors, namely, those who devise its destruction. \n\nthou shall be cut down . . . Madmen--rather, by a play on words on the meaning of madmen (\"silence\"), Thou shalt be brought to silence, so as well to deserve thy name (Isa 15:1). Thou shalt not dare to utter a sound.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":3,"content":["Horonaim--the same as the city Avara, mentioned by PTOLEMY. The word means \"double caves\" (Neh 2:10; Isa 15:5).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":4,"content":["little ones . . . cry--heightening the distress of the scene. The foe does not spare even infants.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":5,"content":["going up of Luhith . . . going down of Horonaim--Horonaim lay in a plain, Luhith on a height. To the latter, therefore, the Moabites would flee with \"continual weeping,\" as a place of safety from the Chaldeans. Literally, \"Weeping shall go up upon weeping.\"\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":6,"content":["They exhort one another to flee. \n\nheath--or the juniper (see on Jer 17:6). MAURER translates, \"Be like one naked in the wilderness.\" But the sense is, Live in the wilderness like the heath, or juniper; do not \"trust in\" walls (Jer 48:7) [GROTIUS]. (Compare Mat 24:16-18).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":7,"content":["thy works--namely, fortifications built by thy work. Moab was famous for its fortresses (Jer 48:18). The antithesis is to Jer 48:6, \"Be . . . in the wilderness,\" where there are no fortified cities. \n\nthou . . . also--like the rest of the surrounding peoples, Judah, &c. \n\nChemosh--the tutelary god of Moab (Num 21:29; Jdg 11:24; Kg1 11:7; Kg2 23:13). When a people were vanquished, their gods also were taken away by the victors (Jer 43:12).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":8,"content":["the valley . . . shall perish--that is, those dwelling in the valley.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":9,"content":["Give wings, &c.-- (Psa 55:6). Unless it get wings, it cannot escape the foe. \"Wings,\" the Hebrew root meaning is a \"flower\" (Job 14:2); so the flower-like plumage of a bird.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":10,"content":["work of . . . Lord--the divinely appointed utter devastation of Moab. To represent how entirely this is God's will, a curse is pronounced on the Chaldeans, the instrument, if they do it negligently (Margin) or by halves (Jdg 5:23); compare Saul's sin as to Amalek (Sa1 15:3, Sa1 15:9), and Ahab's as to Syria (Kg1 20:42).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":11,"content":["settled on . . . lees--(See on Isa 25:6; Zep 1:12). As wine left to settle on its own lees retains its flavor and strength (which it would lose by being poured from one vessel into another), so Moab, owing to its never having been dislodged from its settlements, retains its pride of strength unimpaired. \n\nemptied from vessel, &c.--To make it fit for use, it used to be filtered from vessel to vessel. \n\nscent--retaining the image: the bouquet or perfume of the wine.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":12,"content":["wanderers--rather, \"pourers out,\" retaining the image of Jer 48:11, that is, the Chaldeans who shall remove Moab from his settlements, as men pour wine from off the lees into other vessels. \"His vessels\" are the cities of Moab; the broken \"bottles\" the men slain [GROTIUS]. The Hebrew and the kindred Arabic word means, \"to turn on one side,\" so as to empty a vessel [MAURER].\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":13,"content":["ashamed--have the shame of disappointment as to the hopes they entertained of aid from Chemosh, their idol. \n\nBeth-el-- (Kg1 12:27, Kg1 12:29) --that is, the golden calf set up there by Jeroboam.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":15,"content":["gone up . . . gone down--in antithesis. \n\nout of her cities--Rather, \"Moab . . . and her cities are gone up,\" namely, pass away in the ascending smoke of their conflagration (Jos 8:20-21; Jdg 20:40). When this took place, the young warriors would go down from the burning citadels only to meet their own slaughter [GROTIUS]. English Version is somewhat favored by the fact that \"gone out\" is singular, and \"cities\" plural. The antithesis favors GROTIUS.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":16,"content":["near--to the prophet's eye, though probably twenty-three years elapsed between the utterance of the prophecy in the fourth year of Jehoiakim (Kg2 24:2) and its fulfilment in the fifth year of Nebuchadnezzar.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":17,"content":["bemoan--Not that Moab deserves pity, but this mode of expression pictures more vividly the grievousness of Moab's calamities. \n\nall ye that know his name--those at a greater distance whom the fame of Moab's \"name\" had reached, as distinguished from those \"about him,\" that is, near. \n\nstrong staff . . . rod--Moab is so called as striking terror into and oppressing other peoples (Isa 9:4; Isa 14:4-5); also because of its dignity and power (Psa 110:2; Zac 11:7).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":18,"content":["(Isa 47:1). \n\ndost inhabit--now so securely settled as if in a lasting habitation. \n\nthirst--Dibon, being situated on the Arnon, abounded in water (Isa 15:9). In sad contrast with this, and with her \"glory\" in general, she shall be reduced not only to shame, but to the want of the commonest necessaries (\"thirst\") in the arid wilderness (Jer 48:6).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":19,"content":["Aroer--on the north bank of the Arnon, a city of Ammon (Deu 2:36; Deu 3:12). As it was on \"the way\" of the Moabites who fled into the desert, its inhabitants \"ask\" what is the occasion of Moab's flight, and so learn the lot that awaits themselves (compare Sa1 4:13, Sa1 4:16).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":20,"content":["Answer of the fleeing Moabites to the Ammonite inquirers (Jer 48:19; Isa 16:2). He enumerates the Moabite cities at length, as it seemed so incredible that all should be so utterly ruined. Many of them were assigned to the Levites, while Israel stood. \n\nin Arnon--the north boundary between Moab and Ammon (Jer 48:19; Num 21:13).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":21,"content":["plain-- (Jer 48:8). Not only the mountainous regions, but also the plain, shall be wasted. \n\nHolon--(Compare Jos 15:51). \n\nJahazah-- (Num 21:23; Isa 15:4). \n\nMephaath-- (Jos 13:18; Jos 21:37).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":22,"content":["Beth-diblathaim--\"the house of Diblathaim\": Almon-diblathaim (Num 33:46); \"Diblath\" (Eze 6:13); not far from Mount Nebo (Num 33:46-47).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":23,"content":["Beth-gamul--meaning \"the city of camels.\" \n\nBeth-meon--\"the house of habitation\": Beth-baalmeon (Jos 13:17). Now its ruins are called Miun.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":24,"content":["Kerioth-- (Jos 15:25; Amo 2:2). \n\nBozrah--(See on Isa 34:6); at one time under the dominion of Edom, though belonging originally to Moab (Gen 36:33; Isa 63:1). Others think the Bozrah in Edom distinct from that of Moab. \"Bezer\" (Jos 21:36).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":25,"content":["horn--the emblem of strength and sovereignty: it is the horned animal's means of offense and defense (Psa 75:5, Psa 75:10; Lam 2:3).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":26,"content":["drunken--(see on Jer 13:12; Jer 25:17). Intoxicated with the cup of divine wrath, so as to be in helpless distraction. \n\nmagnified . . . against . . . Lord--boasted arrogantly against God's people, that whereas Israel was fallen, Moab remained flourishing. \n\nwallow in . . . vomit--following up the image of a drunken man, that is, shall be so afflicted by God's wrath as to disgorge all his past pride, riches, and vainglory, and fall in his shameful abasement. \n\nhe also . . . derision--He in his disaster shall be an object of derision to us, as we in ours have been to him (Jer 48:27). Retribution in kind.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":27,"content":["(Zep 2:8). \n\na derision--The Hebrew has the article: referring to Jer 48:26, \"Was not Israel (the whole nation) the object of derision to thee?\" Therefore, Moab is to suffer as formerly for its exultation over the calamity (Kg2 17:6) of the ten tribes under the Assyrian Shalmaneser (Isa. 15:1-16:14), so now for its exultation over the fall of Judah, under the Chaldean Nebuchadnezzar. God takes up His people's cause as His own (Oba 1:13-18). \n\nwas he . . . among thieves-- (Jer 2:26). Proverbial. What did Israel do to deserve such derision? Was he detected in theft, that thou didst so exult over him in speaking of him? Though guilty before God, Israel was guiltless towards thee. \n\nsince--\"since ever\" thou didst begin speaking of him. \n\nskippedst for joy--at Israel's calamity [CALVIN]; or, \"thou didst shake thy head\" in \"derision\" [MAURER].\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":28,"content":["Doves often have their nests in the \"sides\" of caverns. No longer shalt thou have cities to shelter thee: thou shalt have to flee for shelter to caves and deserts (Psa 55:6, Psa 55:8; Sol 2:14).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":29,"content":["pride-- (Isa 16:6-7). Moab was the trumpeter of his own fame. Jeremiah adds \"loftiness and arrogancy\" to Isaiah's picture, so that Moab had not only not been bettered by the chastisement previously endured as foretold by Isaiah, but had even become worse; so that his guilt, and therefore his sentence of punishment, are increased now. Six times Moab's pride (or the synonyms) are mentioned, to show the exceeding hatefulness of his sin.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":30,"content":["I know--Moab's \"proud arrogancy\" (Jer 48:29) or \"wrath,\" against My people, is not unknown to Me. \n\nit shall not be so--The result shall not be so as he thinks: his lies shall not so effect what he aims at by them. CALVIN translates, \"his lies are not right (that is, his vauntings are vain because God will not give them effect); they shall not do so\" as they project in their minds, for God will set at naught their plans.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":31,"content":["I will cry . . . for . . . Moab--Not that it deserves pity, but the prophet's \"crying\" for it vividly represents the greatness of the calamity. \n\nKir-heres--Kir-hareseth, in Isa 16:7; see on Isa 16:7. It means \"the city of potters,\" or else \"the city of the sun\" [GROTIUS]. Here \"the men of Kir-heres\" are substituted for \"the foundations of Kir-hareseth,\" in Isa 16:7. The change answers probably to the different bearing of the disaster under Nebuchadnezzar, as compared with that former one under Shalmaneser.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":32,"content":["with the weeping--with the same weeping as Jazer, now vanquished, wept with for the destruction of its vines. The same calamity shall befall thee, Sibmah, as befell Jazer. The Hebrew preposition here is different from that in Isa 16:9, for which reason MAURER translates, \"with more than the weeping of Jazer.\" English Version understands it of the continuation of the weeping; after they have wept for Jazer, fresh subject of lamentation will present itself for the wasting of the vine-abounding Sibmah. \n\nplants . . . gone over . . . sea of Jazer--As the Septuagint reads \"cities of Jazer,\" and as no traces of a lake near Jazer are found, the reading of English Version is doubtful. Retaining the present reading, we avoid the difficulty by translating [GROTIUS], \"Thy plants (that is, citizens: alluding to the 'vine') are gone over the sea (that is, shall be transported beyond the sea to Cyprus, and such distant lands subject to Babylon; and this, too, in summertime), whereas Jazer (that is, the men of Jazer) reached the sea\" (shore only, but are not transported beyond the sea); so that worse shall befall thee than befalls Jazer. \n\nspoiler--Nebuzara-dan.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":33,"content":["the plentiful field--rather, \"Carmel\": as the parallel \"land of Moab\" requires, though in Isa 16:10, it is \"the plentiful field.\" Joy is taken away as from the nearer regions (Canaan and Palestine), so from the farther \"land of Moab\"; what has happened to Judah shall befall Moab, too (Jer 48:26-27) [MAURER]. However, Moab alone seems to be spoken of here; nor does the parallelism forbid \"plentiful field\" answering to \"Moab.\" English Version is therefore better. \n\nshouting--repeated; as at the conclusion of the vintage, men sing over and over again the same cry of joy. A shouting shall be heard, but not the joyous shouting of laborers treading the grapes, but the terrible battle cry of the foe.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":34,"content":["From the cry of Heshbon, &c.--Those who fly from Heshbon on its capture shall continue the cry even as far as Elealeh . . . . There will be continued cries in all quarters, from one end to the other, everywhere slaughter and wasting. \n\nas an heifer of three years old--Moab heretofore not having known foreign yoke, and in its full strength, is compared to an heifer of three years old, never yet yoked, nor as yet worn out with many birth-givings (compare Note, see on Isa 15:5). \n\nwaters . . . of Nimrim--that is, the well-watered and therefore luxuriant pastures of Nimrim. \n\ndesolate--The Hebrew is stronger: not merely shall be \"desolate,\" but desolation itself multiplied: plural, \"desolations.\" The most fertile tracts shall be dried up.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":35,"content":["him that offereth--namely, whole burnt offerings as the Hebrew requires [GROTIUS]. Compare the awful burnt offering of the king of Moab (Kg2 3:27). \n\nhigh places-- (Isa 16:12).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":36,"content":["(See on Isa 15:7; Isa 16:11). \n\nlike pipes--a plaintive instrument, therefore used at funerals and in general mourning. \n\nriches . . . gotten--literally, the abundance . . . that which is over and above the necessaries of life. GROTIUS translates, \"They who have been left remaining shall perish\"; they who have not been slain by the enemy shall perish by disease and famine.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":37,"content":["(See on Jer 47:5; Isa 15:2-3). \n\nupon all . . . hands--that is, arms, in which such cuttings used to be made in token of grief (compare Zac 13:6).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":38,"content":["vessel . . . no pleasure--(See Jer 22:28); a vessel cast aside by the potter as refuse, not answering his design.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":39,"content":["it--Moab. \n\nHow . . . how--prodigious, yet sure to happen. \n\nturned the back--not daring to show her face. \n\nderision . . . dismaying to all--a derision to some; a dismaying to others in beholding such a judgment of God, fearing a like fate for themselves.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":40,"content":["he--Nebuzara-dan, the captain of Nebuchadnezzar. \n\nas . . . eagle--not to bear them \"on eagles' wings\" (Exo 19:4; Deu 32:11-12), as God does His people, but to pounce on them as a prey (Jer 49:22; Deu 28:49; Hab 1:8).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":41,"content":["as . . . woman in . . . pangs-- (Isa 13:8).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":42,"content":["(See on Jer 48:26).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":43,"content":["(See on Isa 24:17; Isa 24:18).\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":44,"content":["When thou thinkest thou hast escaped one kind of danger, a fresh one will start up.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":45,"content":["under . . . shadow of Heshbon--They thought that they would be safe in Heshbon. \n\nbecause of the force--that is, \"they that fled because of the force\" of the enemy: they that fled from it. GLASSIUS translates, \"through want of strength.\" So the Hebrew particle is translated (Psa 109:24), \"faileth of fatness,\" that is, \"faileth through want of fatness\"; also Lam 4:9. \n\nbut a fire, &c.--copied in part from Sihon's hymn of victory (Num 21:27-28). The old \"proverb\" shall hold good again. As in ancient times Sihon, king of the Amorites, issued forth from his city, Heshbon, as a devouring \"flame\" and consumed Moab, so now the Chaldeans, making Heshbon their starting-point, shall advance to the destruction of Moab. \n\nmidst of Sihon--that is, the city of Sihon. \n\ncorner of Moab--that is, Moab from one corner to the other. \n\ncrown of . . . head--the most elevated points of Moab. Making some alterations, he here copies Balaam's prophecy (Num 24:17). Margin there translates \"princes\" for corners; if so, \"crown of . . . head\" here refers to the nobles. \n\ntumultuous ones--sons of tumult; those who have tumultuously revolted from Babylon. Heshbon passed from the Amorite to the Israelite sway. Moab had wrested it from Israel and helped the Chaldeans against the Jews; but revolting from Babylon, they brought ruin on themselves in turn.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":46,"content":["Copied from Num 21:29.\n\n"]},{"type":"verse","number":47,"content":["Restoration promised to Moab, for the sake of righteous Lot, their progenitor (Gen 19:37; Exo 20:6; Psa 89:30-33). Compare as to Egypt, Jer 46:26; Ammon, Jer 49:6; Elam, Jer 49:39. Gospel blessings, temporal and spiritual, to the Gentiles in the last days, are intended.\n\nThe event of the prophecy as to Ammon preceded that as to Moab (see on Jer 49:3); and in Eze 21:26-28, the destruction of Ammon is subjoined to the deposition of Zedekiah.\n\n\n\n\nNext: Jeremiah Chapter 49\n\n"]}],"introduction":"PROPHECY AGAINST MOAB. (Jer. 48:1-47)\n\nNebo--a mountain and town of Moab; its meaning is \"that which fructifies.\" \n\nKiriathaim--a city of Moab, consisting of two cities, as the word signifies; originally held by the Emim (Gen 14:5). \n\nMisgab--meaning \"elevation.\" It lay on an elevation.\n\n"},"thisChapterLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JER/48.json","thisChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JER","chapter":48},"nextChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JER/49.json","nextChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JER","chapter":49},"previousChapterApiLink":"/api/c/jamieson-fausset-brown/JER/47.json","previousChapterReference":{"commentaryId":"jamieson-fausset-brown","book":"JER","chapter":47},"numberOfVerses":45}